11 September 1279 A.D. Robert Kilwardby Dies—48th of 105 Archbishops of Canterbury

11 September 1279 A.D.  Robert Kilwardby Dies—48^th of 105 Archbishops of Canterbury

Robert Kilwardby OP (c. 1215 – 11 September 1279) was an Archbishop of Canterbury in England and as well as a cardinal. Kilwardby was the first member of a mendicant order to attain a high ecclesisatical office in the English Church.

Contents 

• 1 Life
• 2 Works
• 3 Citations
• 4 References
• 5 Further reading
• 6 External links

Life

Kilwardby studied at the University of Paris, then was a teacher of grammar and logic there. He then joined the Dominican Order and studied theology,^[1] and became regent at Oxford University before 1261,^[2] probably by 1245.^[3] He was named provincial prior of the Dominicans for England in 1261,^[4] and in October 1272 Pope Gregory X appointed him as Archbishop of Canterbury to end a dispute over the election. Kilwardby was provided to the archbishopric on 11 October 1272, given the temporalities on 12 December 1272, and consecrated on 26 February 1273.^[5]

Kilwardby crowned Edward I and his wife Eleanor as king and queen of England in August 1274, but otherwise took little part in politics. He instead concentrated on his ecclesiastical duties, including charity to the poor and donating to the Dominicans.^[6]

In 1278 Pope Nicholas III named Kilwardby Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina.^[7] He then resigned Canterbury and left England,^[5] taking with him papers, registers and documents belonging to the see. He also left the see deep in debt again, after his predecessor had cleared the debt.^[8] He died in Italy in 1279 and was buried in the Dominican convent in Viterbo, Italy.^[7] While in theory this was a promotion, probably it was not, as the pope was unhappy with Kilwardby's support of efforts to resist the payment of papal revenues and with the lack of effort towards the reforms demanded at the Second Council of Lyon in 1274.^[9]

Works

Included amongst his writings are De ortu scientiarum, De tempore, De Universali, and some commentaries on Aristotle.^{[citation needed]} He was also the author of a summary of the writings of the Church Fathers, arranged alphabetically.^[10] De tempore has been translated and edited by Alexander Broadie recently, and published as On Time and Imagination, Part 2: Introduction and Translation. A critical edition of De orto scientiarum was published by Albert G. Judy, for The Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies in 1976.

Kilwardby's theological and philosophical views were summed up by David Knowles who said that he was a "conservative eclectic, holding the doctrine of seminal tendencies and opposing...the Aristotelian doctrine of the unity of form in beings, including man."^[11] Some sources state that he was the author of Summa Philosophiae, a history and description of the schools of philosophical thought then current, but the writing style is not similar to his other works, and Knowles, for one, does not believe it was authored by Kilwardby.^[12]

It has been alleged that Kilwardby was an opponent of Thomas Aquinas. In 1277 he prohibited the teaching of thirty theses, some of which have been thought to touch upon Thomas Aquinas' teaching. Recent scholars, however, such as Roland Hissette, have challenged this interpretation.^[13][14]

Citations

1.       Jump up ^ Lawrence "The Thirteenth Century" English Church & the Papacy p. 146

2.       Jump up ^ Knowles Evolution of Medieval Thought p. 288

3.       Jump up ^ Leff Paris and Oxford Universities pp. 290–293

4.       Jump up ^ British History Online Archbishops of Canterbury accessed on 11 September 2007

5.       ^ Jump up to: ^{a b} Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 233

6.       Jump up ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 371

7.       ^ Jump up to: ^{a b} Bellenger and Fletcher Princes of the Church p. 173

8.       Jump up ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 173

9.       Jump up ^ Prestwich Edward I p. 249

10.    Jump up ^ Clanchy From Memory to Written Record p. 181

11.    Jump up ^ Knowles Evolution of Medieval Thought p. 249

12.    Jump up ^ Knowles Evolution of Medieval Thought p. 287

13.    Jump up ^ Burton,Monastic and Religious Orders pp. 206–207

14.    Jump up ^ The Condemnations of 1277

ReferencesBritish History Online Archbishops of Canterbury accessed on 11 September 2007

• Bellenger, Dominic Aidan; Fletcher, Stella (2001). Princes of the Church: A History of the English Cardinals. Stroud, UK: Sutton. ISBN 0-7509-2630-9. 
• Burton, Janet (1994). Monastic and Religious Orders in Britain: 1000–1300. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37797-8. 
• Clanchy, C. T. (1993). From Memory to Written Record: England 1066–1307 (Second Edition ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-631-16857-7. 
• Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third Edition, revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X. 
• Knowles, Dom David (1962). The Evolution of Medieval Thought. London: Longman. 
• Lawrence, C. H. (1965). "The Thirteenth Century". In Lawrence, C. H. The English Church and the Papacy in the Middle Ages (1999 reprint ed.). Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing. pp. 117–156. ISBN 0-7509-1947-7. 
• Leff, Gordon (1975). Paris and Oxford Universities in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: An Institutional and Intellectual History. Huntington, NY: Robert E. Krieger Pub. Co. ISBN 0-88275-297-9. 
• Moorman, John R. H. (1955). Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century (Revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 213820968. 
• Prestwich, Michael (1997). Edward I. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07157-4. 

Further reading

• Tugwell, Simon (2004). "Kilwardby, Robert (c.1215–1279)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15546. Retrieved 12 March 2011.  (subscription or UK public library membership required)

External links

• History of Medieval Philosophy

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by William Chillenden (archbishop-elect)	Archbishop of Canterbury 1273–1278	Succeeded by Robert Burnell (archbishop-elect)
Preceded by John of Toledo	Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina 1278–1279	Succeeded by Bernard de Languissel